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Architecture
In addition to its temples, historical attractions in and around Pune include the rock-cut Pataleshwar cave temple, Aga Khan Palace, Shaniwarwada, Lal Mahal, and Sinhagad fort. Shinde Chhatri, located at Wanowrie, is a memorial dedicated to the Great Maratha Sardar, Mahadaji Shinde (Scindia) who was instrumental in establishing the Maratha supremacy over North India.[200] The city is also known for its British Raj "bungalow architecture" and the Garden Cities Movement layout of the Cantonment in the early Twentieth Century. Christopher Charles Benninger landmark architectural works surround the city, including the Mahindra United World College of India, the Centre for Development Studies and Activities, the YMCA Retreat at Nilshi and the Samundra Institute of Maritime Studies

Museums, parks and zoos
Prominent museums in Pune include the Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Museum of Indian History, Mahatma Phule Museum, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Museum, Joshi's Museum of Miniature Railway and the Pune Tribal Museum. Pune also houses Blades of Glory Cricket Museum which is the biggest cricket museum in the world. The College of Military Engineering has an archive and an equipment museum which has a rail exhibit with a metre-gauge train.
Pune has public gardens such as the Kamala Nehru Park, Sambhaji Park, Shahu Udyan, Peshwe Park, Saras Baug, Empress Garden, Taljai Hills, and Bund Garden Pune. The Pu La Deshpande Udyan is a replica of the Korakuen Garden in Okayama, Japan.[201] The Aga Khan Palace was built in 1892 by Sultan Muhammed Shah Aga Khan III in Pune. The Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park is located at Katraj, close to the city.[202] The zoo, earlier located at Peshwe Park, was merged with the reptile park at Katraj in 1999. Besides this, certain spots in Pune such as Hanuman Tekdi, Vetal Tekdi, and Taljai forest are popular haunts for nature lovers.

Spirituality
The metropolitan Pune area has two of the most important pilgrimage centers for the Varkari branch of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. These are the towns of Alandi where the Samadhi of the 13th century Saint Dnyaneshwar is located and Dehu where the 17th century Saint Tukaram lived. The annual Vari (foot procession) of the paduka (symbolic sandals) for both these saints in the month of Ashadh (June/July) make a stopover in the city on their way to Pandharpur and attracts hundreds of thousand of devotees
Pune has been associated with several significant recent spiritual teachers. The controversial Guru Osho (formerly self-styled Bhagwan Rajneesh) lived and taught in Pune for much of the 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort, one of the world's largest spiritual centres, is located in the Koregaon Park area. It has visitors from over a hundred countries. Pune is also the birthplace of Meher Baba, although his followers usually travel to Meherabad to visit his tomb. Hazrat Babajan, identified by Meher Baba as one of the five Perfect Masters, lived the final 25 years of her life in Pune. She was an Afghan Muslim noted for her great age and outdoor existence. She established her final residence first under an Azadirachta indica tree near Bukhari Shah's mosque in Rasta Peth and later under another A. indica tree in the then-dilapidated section of Pune called Char Bawdi, where she remained for the rest of her life. There is a shrine erected in her honour in Pune, around the tree under which she made her final home.
Pune is also home to the temples of some other saints who had a large inter-religious following. The Shankar Maharaj Math on Satara road is the place where the great spiritual master 'Shri Shankar Maharaj' rests.[204] The Jangli Maharaj Mandir is the final resting place of Jangli Maharaj. The Mali Maharaj Mandir in Somwar Peth is a very important place of worship of the Nath Pai Sect of Hinduism. The Ramkrishna Mission Ashram at the start of Sinhgad Road is famous for its teachings of Vedanta. The ISKCON temple in the Camp area and the Hare Rama Hare Krishna Mission in the Model Colony Area.
There is a significant Sikh population in Pune. There are a number of Gurudwaras (Sikh Temples) for Sikhs. Gurudwaras in Camp, Khadki, Aundh, Pimpri, Akrudi, and Budhwar Peth are the prominent ones. The Camp Gurudwara is one of the main gurudwaras, with hundreds of people visiting it every day. It is named as "Guru Nanak Darbar" and some people also call it "Hollywood Gurudwara". This complex includes a charitable hospital, community kitchen for Langar and Sarai for refugees.


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Geography

Pune lies on the western margin of the Deccan plateau at an altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level . It is on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea . It is a hilly city, with its highest hill, Vetal Hill , rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level . Just outside the city, the Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 feet). It lies between 18° 32" North latitude and 73° 51" East longitude. Pune is 1,173 kilometres (729 mi) south of Delhi , 734 kilometres (456 mi) north of Bangalore , and 149 kilometres (93 mi) south-east of Mumbai by road. Central Pune is at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers . The Pavana and Indrayani rivers , tributaries of the Bhima river , traverse the northwestern outskirts of metropolitan Pune. The city's total area is 729 square kilometres (281 square miles). [ citation needed ] Climate Pune has a hot semi-arid climate (...
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History

Early and medieval The circular Nandi mandapa at the Pataleshwar cave temple, built during the Rashtrakuta dynasty. Copper plates dated 858 and 868 CE show that by the 9th century, an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed at the location of the modern Pune. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty . The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era. [43] Pune was part of the territory ruled by Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. Bhosale Jagir and the Maratha Empire Lal Mahal Pune was part of the Jagir (fiefdom) granted to Maloji Bhosale in 1599 for his services to the Nizamshahi (Ahmadnagar Sultanate) . [44] Pune was ruled by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate until it was annexed by the Mughals in the 17th century. Maloji Bhosale's grandson, Shivaji , the founder of Maratha Empire , was born at Shivneri , a fort not far from Pune. [45] Pune changed hands several times betw...
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Sports

Popular games and sports in Pune include athletics, cricket , basketball, badminton, field hockey , football, tennis, kabaddi , paragliding , kho-kho , rowing , and chess . The Pune International Marathon is an annual marathon conducted in Pune. The 2008 Commonwealth Youth Games were held in the city at the Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex in Balewadi .The Chhatrapati Shivaji Stadium in the mangalwar peth area of the city is the venue for hosting wrestling and other traditional sports. Cricket Cricket is played between clubs affiliated with the Maharashtra Cricket Association , which maintains a domestic cricket team (the Maharashtra cricket team ). This team, one of three based in the state of Maharashtra , competes in interstate matches and leagues such as the Ranji Trophy . The Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium used to be the venue for National and One Day International matches until 2012. This stadium is named after the first Prime Minister of Independent India, Pandit Jawa...
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